Nickel Alloy 200/201

Material

Products Description

Nickel 200 and Nickel 201 are both pure nickel alloys that offer excellent corrosion resistance in various environments. Here are some key points about Nickel 200 and Nickel 201:Corrosion Resistance:These alloys exhibit outstanding corrosion resistance to caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) and other alkalis.They perform best in reducing environments, where they offer excellent resistance to corrosion.In oxidizing conditions, a passive oxide film can form on the surface of the alloys, providing additional corrosion protection.Applications:Nickel 200 and Nickel 201 find applications in a wide range of industries, including aerospace, chemical and petrochemical processing, food processing, and marine and water treatment.These alloys are commonly used in equipment such as heat exchangers, valves, pumps, tanks, and piping systems in these industries.Ductility and Fabrication:Both Nickel 200 and Nickel 201 are highly ductile across a wide temperature range.They can be easily welded and processed using standard shop fabrication practices, making them convenient for manufacturing and assembly.It's important to note that while Nickel 200 and Nickel 201 offer good corrosion resistance, they may not be suitable for highly oxidizing or high-temperature environments. Consulting with materials engineers or alloy manufacturers is recommended to determine the best choice for a specific application and to ensure proper alloy selection and compatibility with the intended environment.

Applications

Aerospace and Missile Components
Chemical and Petrochemical Processing—chlor-alkali production, caustic soda and other alkalis; sulfuric, hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, phosphoric, and organic acids; neutral and reducing salt solutions; reactive chlorides including phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus trichloride, nitrosyl chloride, benzyl chloride, and benzoyl chloride; fluorine and chlorine; bromine and phenol
Food Processing Equipment— cooling brine, fatty acids, fruit juices
Marine and Water Treatment— distilled, natural water and flowing seawater

Standards

ASTM..................B 162
ASME..................SB 162

General Properties

Nickel 200 (UNS N02200) and 201 (UNS N02201) are dual-certifiable wrought nickel materials. They differ only in the maximum carbon levels present—0.15% for Nickel 200 and 0.02% for Nickel 201.

Nickel 200 plate is normally limited to service at temperatures below 600ºF (315ºC), since at higher temperatures it can suffer from graphitization which can severely compromise properties. At higher temperatures Nickel 201 plate should be utilized. Both grades are approved under ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII, Division 1. Nickel 200 plate is approved for service up to 600ºF (315ºC), while Nickel 201 plate is approved up to 1250ºF (677ºC).

Both grades offer outstanding corrosion resistance to caustic soda and other alkalis. The alloys perform best in reducing environments but can also be used under oxidizing conditions that produce a passive oxide film. They both resist corrosion by distilled, natural water and flowing seawater but are attacked by stagnant seawater.

Nickel 200 and 201 are ferromagnetic and exhibit highly ductile mechanical properties across a wide temperature range.

Both grades are easily welded and processed by standard shop fabrication practices.

Chemical Analysis

Weight % (all values are maximum unless a range is otherwise indicated)

Element	Nickel 200	Nickel 201
Nickel (plus Cobalt)	99.0 minimum	99.0 minimum
Copper	0.25	0.25
Iron	0.40	0.40
Manganese	0.35	0.35
Carbon	0.15	0.02
Silicon	0.35	0.35
Sulfur	0.01	0.01

Physical Properties

Density

0.321 lbs/in3
8.89 g/cm3

Specific Heat

0.109 BTU/lb-°F (32—212°F)
456 J/kg-°K (0—100°C)

Modulus of Elasticity

29.7 x 103 ksi
205 GPa (20°C)

Thermal Conductivity 212°F (100°C)

463 BTU-in/ft2-h-°F
66.5 W/m-°C

Melting Range

2615 – 2635°F
1435 – 1446°C

Electrical Resistivity

58 Ohm-circ mil/ft at 70°F
0.096 µΩ/m at 20°C

Mean Linear Expansion

Temperature Range		Coefficient of Expansion
°F	°C	10-6 in/in °F	µm/m °C
-423	-200	4.7	10.1
-300	-100	5.8	11.3
-200	20	6.2	—
-100	100	6.3	13.3
0	200	—	13.9
70	300	—	14.2
200	400	7.4	14.8
400	500	7.7	15.3
600	600	8.0	15.5
800	700	8.3	15.8
1000	800	8.5	16.2
1200	900	8.7	16.6
1400	1000	8.9	16.9
1600	1100	9.1	17.1
1800		9.3
2000		9.5

Mechanical Properties

Nickel 200/201, Typical Values at 70°F (21°C), Plate—Hot Rolled, Annealed

	Yield Strength 0.2% Offset		Ultimate Tensile Strength		Elongation in 2 inches	Hardness
	ksi	MPa	ksi	MPa	%	Brinell (3000-kg)	Rockwell B
Nickel 200	15–40	105–275	55–80	380–550	60–40	90–140	45–73
Nickel 201	12–35	83–240	50–70	345–485	60–40	—	—

Corrosion Resistance

Nickel 200 and 201 plate possess excellent resistance in many corrosive environments including hydrofluoric acid and alkalis. These alloys perform extremely well under reducing conditions but can also be used in oxidizing conditions due to the formation of a passive oxide film. The outstanding resistance of Nickel 200 and 201 plate in caustics is based on this type of protection.
In conditions where temperatures exceed 600ºF (315ºC), Nickel 201 plate is the preferred material, due to its lower carbon content.
The resistance of Nickel 200 and 201 plate in mineral acid applications varies depending on the concentration and temperature, as well as if the solution is aerated. The alloys perform better in non-aerated acid solutions.
Nickel 200 and 201 plate perform well in acids, alkalis, and neutral salt solutions. However, in oxidizing salt solutions, strong corrosion can take place.
Both alloys resist dry gases at room temperatures. Nickel 201 plate can be used in hydrogen chloride and dry chlorine gas up to 1022ºF (550ºC).

Nickel 200 and 201 General Guideline for Corrosion Resistance
Sulfuric Acid	Good	Organic Acids	Excellent
Phosphoric Acid	Good	Strong Alkalis	Excellent
Hydrochloric Acid	Good	Reducing Salts	Excellent
Hydrofluoric Acid	Excellent	Oxidizing Salts	Not recommended
Nitric Acid	Not Recommended	Seawater	Good

Fabrication Data

Nickel 200 and 201 plate can be easily welded and processed by standard shop fabrication practices.

Hot Forming

Hot bending operations should be performed in the temperature range of 1600º to 2250ºF (870º to 1230ºC). In any operation, care should be taken to avoid heating Nickel 200 and 201 plate above the upper temperature limit of 2250ºF (1230ºC).

Cold Forming

Nickel 200 and 201 can be worked by any conventional cold-forming method. The forming characteristics are comparable to those of mild steel; however, because of the higher elastic limits of Nickel 200 and 201, greater power will be needed to perform the operations. Severe forming can be done manually but will require intermediate anneals to restore the alloy’s softness.

Machining

Nickel 200 and 201 plate should be machined in the annealed condition whenever possible. These grades have the propensity to work harden, making it necessary to utilize low cutting speeds and requiring the cutting tool to stay engaged at all times. An adequate chip depth is important in order to avoid contact with the previously formed work-hardened zone. Liquid cold forming lubricants should be utilized to assure optimal heat dissipation.

Welding

Nickel 200 and 201 plate can be joined by a variety of welding procedures including inert gas and resistance welding. Welding practices are similar to those used to join austenitic stainless steels. Neither preheating nor post-weld heat treatments are usually required.
The following welding procedures are recommended:

Procedure	Electrode / Filler Metal
Shielded Metal-Arc Welding	Nickel Welding Electrode 141
Gas Tungsten-Arc	Nickel Filler Metal 61
Gas-Metal-Arc Welding	Nickel Filler Metal 61

Nickel 200 and 201 plate can also be joined to steel with Nickel Welding Electrode 141 and Nickel Filler Metal 61.
In general, Nickel 201 plate can be welded by the same procedures as Nickel 200 plate with one exception. The oxyacetylene process cannot be used for Nickel 201 plate.