General Properties
Alloy 410S (UNS S41008) is a low carbon, non-hardening modification of Alloy 410 (UNS S41000), which is a general-purpose 12% chromium martensitic stainless steel.Alloy 410S is completely ferritic, meaning it consists primarily of a ferrite microstructure. It exhibits adequate corrosion resistance, similar to Alloy 410, and good oxidation resistance. However, it's important to note that Alloy 410S may not offer the same level of corrosion resistance as higher alloyed stainless steels in more aggressive environments.
Applications
- Petroleum Refining and Petrochemical Processing
Columns
Distillation trays
Heat exchangers
Towers
- Ore Processing
Mining machinery
- Thermal Processing
Annealing boxes
Partitions
Quenching racks
- Gate valves
- Press plates
Standards
ASTM........A 240
ASME........SA 240
410S stainless steel is similar to that of type 410 stainless steel. It exhibits good resistance to corrosion in atmospheric conditions, fresh water, mild organic and mineral acids, alkalis, and some chemicals.In everyday activities where the alloy comes into contact with chlorides, such as food preparation or sports activities, Sandmeyer Steel 410S stainless steel generally provides satisfactory performance. However, it is important to perform proper cleaning after exposure to ensure the removal of any potential corrosive residues.Chlorides, particularly in the presence of moisture, can be aggressive to stainless steels and may lead to localized corrosion, such as pitting or crevice corrosion. Therefore, it is essential to promptly and thoroughly clean the stainless steel surface to prevent the prolonged presence of chlorides and minimize the risk of corrosion.By following appropriate cleaning practices and maintaining good surface hygiene, Sandmeyer Steel 410S stainless steel can maintain its corrosion resistance in typical everyday applications, including those involving exposure to chlorides.
General Corrosion Behavior Compared With Other Nonaustenitic Stainless Steels*
|
5% Test
Solution at 120°F
(49°C)
|
Corrosion Rate in Mils per Year and Millimeters per Year (mm/a)
|
|
|
Alloy 409
|
Alloy 410S
|
Alloy 420
|
Alloy 425 Mod
|
Alloy 440A
|
Alloy 430
|
|
Acetic Acid
|
0.88
(0.022)
|
0.079
(0.002)
|
1.11
(0.028)
|
4.79
(0.122)
|
2.31
(0.0586)
|
0.025
(0.0006)
|
|
Phosphoric Acid
|
0.59
(0.002)
|
0.062
(0.002)
|
0.068
(0.002)
|
0.593
(0.015)
|
0.350
(0.009)
|
0.029
(0.001)
|
Oxidation Resistance
The oxidation resistance of 410S stainless steel is good. It can be used in continuous service up to 1300°F (705°C). Scaling becomes excessive above 1500°F (811°C) in intermittent service.
Formability
410S stainless steel can be easily formed by spinning, bending and roll forming.
Chemical Analysis
The austenitic stainless steels are considered to be the most weldable of the high-alloy steels and can be welded by all fusion and resistance welding processes.
|
Chromium
|
11.5 min.-14.5 max.
|
Sulfer
|
.030 max.
|
|
Nickel
|
0.60 max.
|
Silicon
|
1.00 max.
|
|
Carbon
|
0.08 max.
|
Iron
|
Balance*
|
|
Manganese
|
1.00 max.
|
Phosphorus
|
0.040 max.
|
*Alloy predominates remaining composition. Other elements may be present only in minimal quantities.
Physical Properties
Density
0.28 lbs/in3
7.73 g/cm3
Magnetic Permeability
0.28 lb/in3
7.73 g/cm3
Specific Heat
0.11 BTU/lb-°F (32 – 212°F)
0.46 J/kg-°K (0 – 100°C)
Modulus of Elasticity
29 x 106 psi
200 GPa
Thermal Conductivity 212°F (100°C)
187 BTU/hr/ft2/ft/°F
26.9 W/m-°K
Melting Range
2700 – 2790°F
1480 – 1530°C
Electrical Resistivity
23.7 Microhm-in at 68°C
60 Microhm-cm at 20°C
Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
|
|
In/in°F
|
um/m-°K
|
|
32 - 212°F (0 - 100°C)
|
6.0 x 10-6
|
10.8
|
|
32 - 600°F (0 - 315°C)
|
6.4 x 10-6
|
11.5
|
|
32 - 1000°F (0 - 538°C)
|
6.7 x 10-6
|
12.2
|
|
32 - 1200°F (0 - 649°C)
|
7.5 x 10-6
|
13.5
|
Mechanical Properties
Typical Room Temperature Mechanical Properties, Mill Annealed
|
Yield Strength
0.2% Offset
|
Ultimate Tensile
Strength
|
Elongation
in 2 in.%
|
Hardness
Rockwell B
|
Reduction
percent of area
|
|
psi
|
(MPa)
|
psi
|
(MPa)
|
|
|
|
|
42,000
|
290
|
64,400
|
444
|
33
|
75
|
65
|
Fabrication Data
Heat Treatment
The alloy can not be hardened by heat treatment. It is annealed in the 1600 – 1650°F (871 – 899°C) range and then air cooled to relieve cold working stresses. 410S should not be exposed to temperatures of 2000°F (1093°C) or above due to embrittlement. If excessive large grains are encountered after annealing mildly cold-worked material, the annealing temperature should be decreased to a range of 1200 – 1350°F (649 – 732°C) range.
Surface Preparation
For maximum corrosion resistance to chemical environments, it is essential that the 410S surface be free of all heat tint or oxide formed during annealing or hot working. All surfaces must be ground or polished to remove any traces of oxide and surface decarburization. The parts should then be immersed in a warm solution of 10-20% nitric acid followed by a water rinse to remove any residual iron.
Machining
Alloy 410S should be machined in the annealed condition using surface speeds of 60 to 80 feet (18.3 – 24.4 m) per minute.
Welding
For maximum corrosion resistance to chemical environments, it is essential that the 410S surface be free of all heat tint or oxide formed during annealing or hot working. All surfaces must be ground or polished to remove any traces of oxide and surface decarburization. The parts should then be410S is generally considered to be weldable by the common fusion and resistance techniques. Special consideration should be given to avoid brittle weld fractures during fabrication by minimizing discontinuities, maintaining low weld heat input and occasionally warming the part somewhat before forming. 410S is generally considered to have slightly poorer weldability than the most common ferritic stainless steel grade 409. A major difference can be attributed to the alloy addition to control hardening which results in the need for higher heat input to achieve penetration during arc welding. When a weld filler is required, AWS E/ER 309L or 430 filler material is most often specified.immersed in a warm solution of 10-20% nitric acid followed by a water rinse to remove any residual iron.
